Sophos has released its State of Identity Security 2026, a vendor-agnostic survey covering 5,000 IT and cybersecurity leaders across 17 countries, highlighting the growing scale of identity-driven cyber threats worldwide.
The report found that 71% of organizations suffered at least one identity-related breach in the past year, with organizations experiencing an average of three separate incidents. A further 5% reported six or more breaches, underscoring the increasing frequency of repeat victimization.
According to the findings, these attacks are largely driven by human error and weak management of non-human identities (NHIs), a risk area that is accelerating as agentic AI systems increasingly automate processes and expand attack surfaces.
The report also revealed that two-thirds (67%) of ransomware victims confirmed their incidents originated from identity attacks, reinforcing identity compromise as a key entry point for ransomware campaigns. The average recovery cost reached $1.64 million, while the median stood at $750,000, with 73% of affected organizations reporting costs exceeding $250,000.
Ross McKerchar noted that identity has become the primary attack surface in modern cybersecurity, warning that organizations are losing ground as AI agents are granted privileges faster than security teams can monitor them.
Key findings from the report also show that data and financial theft remain the dominant outcomes of identity breaches, with 49% reporting data theft, 48% ransomware impact, and 47% financial theft.
Visibility remains a major weakness, with only 24% of organizations continuously monitoring for unusual login attempts, while more than half conduct checks only every three months or less. Detection gaps also persist, as 14% of breached organizations failed to detect and stop their most significant identity attack before damage occurred.
Industry-wise, critical infrastructure sectors were among the most exposed, with energy, oil and gas, and utilities (80%), along with federal and central government (78%), reporting the highest breach rates.
The report also highlights compliance challenges, noting that organizations struggling significantly with compliance requirements experienced an 82.4% breach rate, compared to 68.3% among those with fewer difficulties.
Human error accounted for nearly 43% of incidents, while weak NHI management—such as exposed API keys, static credentials, and orphaned service accounts—was responsible for 41%. Organizations with weak NHI management were found to be 22% more likely to suffer financial theft and incurred approximately $150,000 higher recovery costs.
The report further warns that the rise of AI agents is intensifying the NHI challenge, as autonomous systems can generate new credentials and sub-agents with persistent access and limited human oversight.
To address these risks, Sophos recommends a multi-layered security approach, including enforcing multi-factor authentication, applying least-privilege access, and eliminating inactive identities. For non-human identities, it emphasizes inventorying and classifying NHIs, replacing long-lived credentials with short-lived ones, and implementing secrets management platforms.
The company also highlights Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR) and Zero Trust architecture as increasingly critical defenses in the evolving identity security landscape.